The following are facts from Algalita Marine Research Foundation and other scientific organizations that study the effects of plastics and plastic bags on the marine environment.
Plastic bags don’t biodegrade, they photodegrade (they’re broken down into smaller and smaller toxic bits, less than the diameter of a human hair) and contaminate ocean, air, soil and food. They contain PCBs and other toxic manmade chemicals now found throughout the food chain - from shellfish to humans. These toxins are now in human breast milk, in children and adults around the world and are one reason cancer rates have risen from 1 in 25 in 1970 to 1 in 2 today. Many marine animals contain so many of these toxins, they can legally be classified as toxic dumps. Thousands of their bodies are washing up on beaches around the world.
There are six times more plankton-size plastic bits than plankton in huge areas of the ocean. Birds, fish and marine animals ingest these thinking they are food - and millions are dying. Their bodies biodegrade, but the plastics remain - to be eaten by other birds and animals.

Plastic bags cover miles and miles of ocean floor - no one knows the extent. In some areas of the deep ocean, scientists have been unable to find the floor because it is so heavily layered with plastic bags. Half of all plastic in the ocean sinks, and under these bags, the shellfish, worms and other tiny animals that help make up the bottom of the food chain are dead.
Every year the United States consumes 100 billion plastic shopping bags and throws away an estimated 8 billion pounds of these bags.
The world uses one million plastic bags per minute.
It is estimated to take up to 1000 years for plastic bags to degrade in a warm landfill - longer in a cold ocean environment.
We don’t need plastic bags. We are killing the ocean, ourselves and our descendants for short term convenience.
Paper bags are not a viable alternative because they use millions of trees and their processing spews more poisons into the environment.. Many people around the world use cloth and string bags instead.
There are biodegradable bags available that are made from potato and corn starch.
Expect bans around the world as facts about the terrible effects of plastic bags on human health and the planet become known. They are now banned in South Africa, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Paris, Mumbai, San Francisco, some Chinese cities; and many Alaska villages. They are taxed in Australia and Ireland. States besides Alaska are debating taxes and bans.
The ocean is 71% of the earth’s surface and supplies up to 85% of the world’s oxygen and nitrogen. No human, animal or plant can live without the ocean. Its health is rapidly deteriorating and we must find a way to reverse this trend. Stopping the use of plastic bags is something everyone can do.
Dixie Belcher is a volunteer with Turning the Tides, a Juneau organization dedicated to raising awareness about the deterioration of the Pacific Ocean.